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Significance

Security officials blame the spike in violence on the influence of drug trafficking organisations (DTOs), which have long transited the country but which increasingly are vying to control routes and markets within it.

Impacts

US officials will deepen cooperation with Costa Rica, particularly on addressing fentanyl trafficking.

Insecurity will not necessarily dissuade investors but could encourage more spending on private security.

The situation will present opportunities for a populist, security-focused candidate in the 2026 election.

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