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Significance

Cement production generates greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions both from the use of large energy inputs, typically supplied by fossil fuels, and from the chemical processes inherent in the production of clinker, an intermediate product in the process.

Impacts

Efforts to cut the ratio of clinker (unprocessed cement material) to cement will support markets for alternative and natural materials.

For Portland cement output, large producers will explore carbon capture, utilisation and storage, while start-ups focus on new processes.

Slow progress in containing cement emissions may push governments to provide more demand-side incentives for the use of low carbon cement.

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