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Significance

The capital obtains almost all of its water from rainfall, rather than from subterranean aquifers. Concerns are mounting over water security as increasing temperatures and longer dry periods due to climate change, exacerbated this year by El Nino, change the ecosystems which supply the city's water.

Impacts

The situation could lead to an energy crisis as low water levels affect electricity generation at hydroelectric dams.

The risk of social unrest will grow if restrictions are tightened and extended, or fines for misusing water are unevenly applied.

Low rainfall will increase the risk of wildfires, which have already come close to the city limits in recent months.

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