In this paper, the authors unpack one of the key promises of mixed reality (MR) – enabling distributed users to collaborate as if they were face-to-face, while each user’s interactions remain grounded in their physical reality. Decades of research have highlighted the expressive capabilities of MR, but the authors have still not solved the fundamental challenges to enable distributed team collaboration in a modern work context. To articulate these fundamentals, the authors outline a research agenda for MR interaction in modern distributed team collaboration. The authors present six grand challenges, based on tensions between principles of face-to-face interaction and the demands of modern work. To advance efforts, the authors take stock of state-of-the-art MR research related to each challenge and identify open research questions for human–computer interaction. The authors’ aim with this manuscript is to provide a future outlook for how to bring collaborative MR to where it is most needed in modern distributed teamwork.
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14 August 2026
Research Article|
August 14 2026
Grand challenges for distributed mixed reality collaboration: a research agenda
Jens Emil Grønbæk;
Department of Computer Science,
Aarhus University
, Aarhus, Denmark
Corresponding author Jens Emil Grønbæk jensemil@cs.au.dk
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Adélaïde Genay;
Adélaïde Genay
School of Computing and Information Systems,
University of Melbourne
, Melbourne, Australia
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Andrew Irlitti;
Andrew Irlitti
School of Information Technology,
Deakin University
, Burwood, Australia
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Brandon Victor Syiem;
Brandon Victor Syiem
School of Computer Science,
University of Sydney
, Sydney, Australia
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Jarrod Knibbe;
Jarrod Knibbe
School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,
University of Queensland
, Brisbane, Australia
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Emily Wong;
Emily Wong
Department of Computer Science,
University of Copenhagen
, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Tiare Feuchtner;
Tiare Feuchtner
Department of Computer and Information Science,
University of Konstanz
, Konstanz, Germany
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Tinghui Li;
Tinghui Li
School of Computer Science,
University of Sydney
, Sydney, Australia
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Zhongyi Bai;
Zhongyi Bai
School of Computer Science,
University of Sydney
, Sydney, Australia
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Eduardo Velloso
Eduardo Velloso
School of Computer Science,
University of Sydney
, Sydney, Australia
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Corresponding author Jens Emil Grønbæk jensemil@cs.au.dk
Received:
August 29 2025
Revision Received:
May 07 2026
Revision Received:
June 23 2026
Accepted:
June 23 2026
Online ISSN: 1551-3963
Print ISSN: 1551-3955
© 2026 Jens Emil Grønbæk, Adélaïde Genay, Andrew Irlitti, Brandon Victor Syiem, Jarrod Knibbe, Emily Wong, Tiare Feuchtner, Tinghui Li, Zhongyi Bai and Eduardo Velloso.
2026
Jens Emil Grønbæk, Adélaïde Genay, Andrew Irlitti, Brandon Victor Syiem, Jarrod Knibbe, Emily Wong, Tiare Feuchtner, Tinghui Li, Zhongyi Bai and Eduardo Velloso
Licensed re-use rights only
Foundations and Trends in Human-Computer Interaction (2026) 20 (1-2): 1–78.
Article history
Received:
August 29 2025
Revision Received:
May 07 2026
Revision Received:
June 23 2026
Accepted:
June 23 2026
Citation
Grønbæk JE, Genay A, Irlitti A, Syiem BV, Knibbe J, Wong E, Feuchtner T, Li T, Bai Z, Velloso E (2026), "Grand challenges for distributed mixed reality collaboration: a research agenda". Foundations and Trends in Human-Computer Interaction, Vol. 20 No. 1-2 pp. 1–78, doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/FTHCI-08-2025-0109
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