... inequality and no corresponding mandatory corporate governance rules in a weak governance environment – led us to expect the proportion of women on boards in Pakistan to be low. Thirdly, as is common in emerging markets, concentrated ownership is prevalent in Pakistan, where family firms (FFs) dominate...

... the roles of gender and OCB exhibited by employees (as internal stakeholders) are documented, the role of gender in OCB by customers (as external stakeholders) of an organisation, especially within the context of emerging markets, is not found, therefore necessitating further studies. This research aims...