This systematic review illustrates the physiological and pathophysiological effects of workout on reproductive function in addition to the effect of workout on pregnant mothers, menopause and the postmenopausal period.
An extensive search was conducted using electronic databases, such as Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science. Searches were conducted in different databases containing articles considered to obtain the highest level of scientific proof to identify recent evidence regarding the workout effect during different times in female life.
Workout can aid in preventing pregnancy-related disorders, such as gestational DM and hypertensive disorder, and its consequences. Disorders that negatively influence maternal quality of life, such as anxiety, depression during pregnancy, lumbar pain and urinary incontinence, are also prevented and may improve with workouts. Workout has not been reported to be related to an increased risk of miscarriage, preterm birth or insufficient fetal growth. Workout severity should be adjusted according to women's previous fitness level. Workout during menopause and post-menopause time assists in preventing or slowing the progress of many conditions.
Women's previous fitness level must be taken into consideration when choosing the intensity of the workout. Even though previously active gravid females may be guided to workout with moderate strength, while pregnant mothers with a sedentary lifestyle should begin workouts with light strength workouts, they can progress gradually. Vigorous workouts are harmful, even for pregnant women who are previously active. Concerning workout type, there are specific activities that were stated to be harmless during gestation, such as walking, stationary cycling, aerobic dancing, resistance workouts, stretching movements, swimming and water aerobics workouts. Actions and sports with an amplified trauma hazard must be avoided. The workout while in a flat position should be addressed carefully, avoiding lengthy training periods, particularly after 13 weeks of gestation. Moreover, all pregnant mothers should be knowledgeable of the cautionary signs to stop, such as vaginal blood loss, abdominal agony, steady uterine contractions, amniotic fluid escape, persistent shortness of breathing, vertigo, headache, severe chest pain, muscle weakness, calf pain or swelling. Prior to recommending a workout, a systematic medical assessment should be performed to ensure that there are no clinical or obstetrical causes to avoid workouts or modify workout schedules.
