... national school policies. Findings The first phase (ca. 1928–1951) was dominated by the idea of discipline, and the main task of pupil councils was to help teachers in maintaining discipline. The second phase (ca. 1952–1989) was instead characterised by a heightened focus on protests and democracy...

... believed that “only through the reform of Chinese education would China be ripe for democracy” (p. 392). Hu certainly shared this sentiment and he applied it to the project of mass education reform. As he wrote in 1919, “The necessity of popular support in a great movement like this made it imperative...

... German public of its historical inevitability. But as Wood pointed out, many, in particular the Social Democrats, were not deceived by their propaganda. Indeed, this was the tragedy of the “Prussian solution”: it tried to convince the German nation that liberalism and social democracy were culturally...

...). The purpose of this measure was to make known to “honest and working classes its real position in the world,” so that their education, linked to their “status and needs” could allow “the dissemination of the seeds of order, of work and virtue” (Carderera, 1858, pp. 278-279). Democracy Spain Catholic...

... biculturalism, the processes of democracy as originally enacted by Playcentre hindered changes that allowed meaningful rangatiratanga (self-determination) by the Māori people within Playcentre. The factors that enabled rangatiratanga to gain acceptance were: changing to consensus decision making, allowing sub...

... Argentina Democracy Politics 12 LETTING IN THE LIGHT: THE EMERGENCE OF AN INFORMATION- BASED CIVIL SOCIETY IN POST-DICTATORSHIP ARGENTINA, 1984-2004 KATHERINE WORBOYS University of Michigan, USA In 1983, democratic elections ended a seven-year military dictatorship in Argentina, bringing the end...

...Barry Down The state of citizenship education in Australia continues to attract media attention as evidenced by two recent newspaper headlines, Students take apathetic view of democracy and Teach young about democracy. These headlines were reporting on the latest findings of the Australian Council...