... identity carries the highest influence of heritage on attachment strength. Brand meaning carries the highest influence of competence and reputation on attachment strength. Research limitations/implications The present study, based on empirical research, has built the framework and mechanism...

...Marcel Spruit Purpose The information security field requires standardised education. This could be based on generic job profiles and a standard competence framework. The question is whether this is possible and feasible. To find out, the author did a case study: developing an information security...

...Stan Lester Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss the problems of applying competence standards to professional-level work, noting limitations in functional approaches and drawing on developments in professions and on a recent Erasmus+ project to propose a more adequate alternative...

...Stan Lester Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine whether the idea of competence in its various forms provides a sufficient basis for developing standards of professional practice. Design/methodology/approach – Three existing studies of professional standards and qualifying...