This study aims to develop a project lifecycle-based building information modelling (BIM) implementation model in Sarawak and examine the relationships between current practices (CPs) across project lifecycle stages and critical success factors (CSFs) influencing BIM implementation.
A questionnaire survey was conducted among 295 construction professionals in Sarawak. The collected data were analysed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modelling (SEM) through IBM SPSS Amos to validate the proposed BIM implementation model.
The analysis identified three project lifecycle phases (design, procurement and construction) and four CSF dimensions (organizational readiness, human capital and collaboration, external institutional support and technology infrastructure). SEM results revealed significant relationships between project lifecycle and CSFs associated with CPs.
The findings provide a strategic roadmap for policymakers, industry stakeholders and practitioners by identifying actionable measures to enhance BIM adoption and support digital transformation within Sarawak’s construction industry.
Theoretically, this study contributes to BIM adoption literature by integrating the CSF approach with the Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) framework and empirically validating the relationships through EFA, CFA and SEM. Practically, the proposed model provides policymakers and industry stakeholders with a structured roadmap for prioritizing BIM adoption strategies across the project lifecycle.
This study extends existing BIM adoption and CSF models by integrating empirically derived, TOE-aligned CSF dimensions with observable CPs across project lifecycle stages. The proposed model evaluates their relationships with BIM implementation practices during the design, procurement and construction/operation stages.
