... the benefits of off-site construction, prefabrication and digitalisation, where 3D printing (3DP) technologies are included among the most promising ones. Building pathology 3D printing Rehabilitation Cultural heritage Mortars Building materials There are several reasons that motivate...

... – surface water sorption of earth mortar increased with increasing temperature. Originality/value The study used a novel method for pretreatment building materials by using solar dryer. In recent years, researchers have focused on finding easier and more common methods to use stabilized earth...

... MCB UP Limited 2003 Building materials Polymers Concrete Construction industry In view of the fact that concrete structures continue to deteriorate due to material ageing, inadequate design resulting from change of design codes, environmental attack and increase in loads...

... but a water absorption of 0.1535 per cent below the mean water absorption. Building materials Water Durability Life cycle costing Concrete It is generally accepted that concrete durability is to a large extent governed by concrete’s resistance to the penetration of aggressive media. Eminent...

...) concrete crushing before yielding of steel reinforcement. © MCB UP Limited 2002 Concrete Buildings Steel Building materials Corrosion of steel reinforcement in conventional reinforced concrete (RC) structures has long been a major issue to building engineers. It causes many...

... selection model for small building works. © MCB UP Limited 2002 Building maintenance Small firms Maintenance Building materials Contracting out Old buildings are a heritage of our past success. In Hong Kong, there are about 18,000 residential buildings constructed over 20 years ago...

... to improve the fire performance of HPC both in terms of residual strength and durability. © MCB UP Limited 2002 Building materials Construction industry Concrete Durability Buildings Architecture With the advent of high strength concrete (HSC) in the 1970s, now modified as high...

...). Indeed it was his anger at what he saw as the destruction of these values by the “restoration movement” that galvanised him. © MCB UP Limited 2000 Conservation Building materials Timber Refurbishment The remaining timber‐framed buildings in England and Wales represent the most...

... © MCB UP Limited 1999 --> BRE Building materials The end of materials blacklists? Keywords BRE,Building materials A BRE project (funded by DETR) has found that the practice of including unofficial lists of excluded materials in contract documents is declining...

... the various types and traces their evolution. Indicates that suspended timber ground floors became more common after the mid‐nineteenth century. © MCB UP Limited 1997 Architecture Building materials History Timber This paper on ground floor constructions is in two parts. Part 1 traces...

... that the aims of the Regulations are incorporated into the design as early as possible, thereby avoiding conflicting needs at a later stage. © Company 1997 Building materials Building regulations Legislation The great fire of London in 1666 did much to introduce and shape the regulation...

... with as yet unexplored potential. © Company 1997 British standards Building materials Glass Manufacturing technology Glass is an ancient material. There are many theories as to its discovery. Usually, however, it is attributed to an unknown Egyptian potter. This worthy, probably...

... ceiling. However, to obtain such performance the increase in floor height is normally at least 50mm. © MCB UP Limited 1996 Building materials Insulation Noise Nuisance In tests for the combined performance of pugging and floating floor the 100mm fibreglass blanket, the 70 kg...

... the best compromise so far. It has a closed cell structure and is quite unable to take up moisture. It is not as dimensionally stable as other materials, and is not as cheap as bead polystyrene, but it is much more reasonably priced than the polyurethane/polyisocyanate group. Building materials...

..., that may later be shown to have been false assumptions. Building life cycle Building materials Lifecycle costing Estimating There is a variety of sources of published information and data on the life expectancy of the different building components. These include the manufacturers, Building...

... Surveyors Building materials The Pennine Region of Northern England is an area of great landscape value containing both National Parks and designated Areas of outstanding natural beauty. It is a landscape that is deemed worthy of conservation, not just the moors and dales image represented...

... work and the building regulations. Suggests that the Government should give more incentive to the use of thatch and cob walls, both for the purposes of construction and to keep alive the rural crafts associated with them. © Company 1995 Building materials Regulations Conservation has...

... not only on how to use, store and identify the different types of lime on sale today, but also on the precautions to be taken when using lime. © Company 1995 Brickwork Building materials Refurbishment There are both large and small suppliers of lime putty located across the UK, many...

... concretes by other investigators. Also presents the relationships between static modulus of elasticity, dynamic modulus of elasticity, compressive strength, and Poisson′s ratio, and equations for estimating elastic modulus and Poisson′s ratio. © Company 1995 Building materials Concrete...

...K. Aitkenhead Provides basic steps and general guidelines for the correct use of plaster and render. Includes suggestions of several preparations available to aid this process. Building materials Employment Plasterwork Internal work – plaster. External work – render. What...