... incorporating the creative ways school leaders exercise their agency therein. The paper concludes with new insights into policy trajectory and education outsourcing. Originality/value The study substantiates and extends previously suggested theoretical models on the paths of travelling educational policies...

...-structured interviews. The study draws on the notion of human agency from the sociocultural perspective to understand the coping strategies of the Vietnamese overseas-educated returnees in response to the challenges they encountered. Findings The results show that the returnees' motivations to conduct...