Figure 1. Topic coherence and log perplexity versus number of topics Source: Created by the authors A dual-axis line graph compares topic coherence and log perplexity across 5 to 20 topics, with both measures fluctuating and topic coherence peaking at 14 and 19 topics. The X-axis gives the ... More about this image found in Topic coherence and log perplexity versus number of topics Source: Creat...

Figure 2. Steps for data processing Source: Created by the authors A workflow applies topic modelling to patent and publication databases, producing topics and their proportions as time series data for analysis. The workflow has four sections labelled Source, Processing, Latent Values, and ... More about this image found in Steps for data processing Source: Created by the authors A workflow a...

Figure 3. Word clouds generated from (a) research publications, (b) patents and (c) the combined publication-patent corpus Source: Developed by authors based on Scopus and Google Patents data Three word clouds compare prominent terms across panels a, b, and c, with technology, study, researc... More about this image found in Word clouds generated from (a) research publications, (b) patents and (c) t...

Figure 4. Inter-topic distance map Source: Developed by authors based on Scopus and Google Patents data An inter-topic distance map plots 12 labelled topics, with Topics 5, 7, 10, and 6 connected and the remaining topics distributed separately. The inter-topic distance map contains 12 label... More about this image found in Inter-topic distance map Source: Developed by authors based on Scopus an...

Figure 5. Topical distribution across (a) patent documents and (b) research publications Source: Developed by authors based on Scopus and Google Patents data Two pie charts compare topic distributions. Panel a is dominated by Topics 2 and 11, while panel b distributes proportions more evenly... More about this image found in Topical distribution across (a) patent documents and (b) research publicati...

Figure 6. (a) Percentage-wise distribution of topics in patents and research publications. (b) Year-wise trend in the percentage share of patents and research publications from 2020 to 2024 Source: Developed by authors based on Scopus and Google Patents data Two charts compare journal and pa... More about this image found in (a) Percentage-wise distribution of topics in patents and research publicat...

Figure 7. Year-wise comparison of topic probabilities derived from patents and research publications on metaverse applications in tourism Source: Developed by authors based on Scopus and Google Patents data Six line graphs compare journal and patent topic proportions from 2020 to 2024. Paten... More about this image found in Year-wise comparison of topic probabilities derived from patents and resear...

Figure 7. Continued Six line graphs compare journal and patent topic proportions from 2020 to 2024. Patent dominates Topics 1 and 2, while journal values remain higher for Topics 3 to 6. The six line graphs cover Topics 1 to 6 from 2020 to 2024, with Journal and Patent series. For Topic 1, Pat... More about this image found in Continued Six line graphs compare journal and patent topic proportions f...

Figure 1. The moderating role of AI identity on the relationship between AI management and self-objectification (Study 1) Source: Authors’ own work A line graph compares self-objectification by low and high A I management across low and high A I identity. The line graph presents self-ob... More about this image found in The moderating role of AI identity on the relationship between AI manag...

Figure 2. The moderating role of AI identity on the relationship between AI management and self-objectification (Study 2) Source: Authors’ own work A line graph compares self-objectification by low and high A I management across low and high A I identity. The line graph presents self-ob... More about this image found in The moderating role of AI identity on the relationship between AI manag...

Figure 1. Results of structural equation modeling (standardized estimate) Source(s): Authors’ own work A path model links 2 fit measures, 4 crafting dimensions, career satisfaction, task performance, and 3 controls. The model correlates Needs-Supplies Fit and Demands-Abilities Fit at 0.511.... More about this image found in Results of structural equation modeling (standardized estimate) Source(s)...

Figure 1. Career advancement model – actions to reach the C-suite Note(s): Bold and underlined are aggregate dimensions; bullets are focused codes Source: Author’s creation A career progression model links gaining knowledge, developing a network, setting goals, and mobility to C Suite adv... More about this image found in Career advancement model – actions to reach the C-suite Note(s): Bold an...

Figure 1. The concept of hospitality across the ages Source: Authors’ own work A 3-stage diagram traces hospitality from pre-industrial origins through managerial practice to an A I mediated future. The origins stage describes pre-industrial and early hospitality. Ethics centres on moral ob... More about this image found in The concept of hospitality across the ages Source: Authors’ own work ...

Figure 2. A framework for human nature’s influence on ethical processes in the hospitality context Source: Authors’ own work A conceptual diagram integrates human nature, technology, and encountered contexts in the ethical redevelopment of hospitality. The encountered environment, objects, ... More about this image found in A framework for human nature’s influence on ethical processes in the hospit...