The transition to clean energy is widely recognized as being significantly shaped by technological advancements. However, the efficacy of technology in facilitating this transition and its environmental impact remains uncertain. This study aims to use the Green Energy Mix Quality Index to examine the relationship between the clean energy transition and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions.
The study analyzes a balanced panel data set of 16 European Union (EU) countries from 1975 to 2021 using panel data estimation techniques. Control variables such as per capita income and globalization are incorporated to assess their influence alongside the Green Energy Mix Quality Index.
The results indicate that all variables play essential roles in shaping the clean energy transition within the sampled countries. Notably, the Green Energy Mix Quality Index is identified as a key factor in mitigating CO2 emissions, demonstrating the importance of energy quality and technological innovation.
While this study provides valuable insights into the relationship between energy quality, technology and CO2 emissions in the EU, certain limitations exist. First, the analysis is restricted to 16 EU countries due to data availability, and results may not generalize to other regions with different energy structures or economic conditions. Second, the study period is limited to 1975–2021, as the Green Energy Mix Quality Index data is not available beyond this period. Third, although the study uses robust econometric techniques (panel quantile regression and method of moments quantile regression), alternative indicators or additional methodological approaches could further validate the findings. Future research could expand the data set to include more countries, longer periods or additional environmental and energy quality indicators. Moreover, incorporating behavioral, institutional or policy variables could provide a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms driving the clean energy transition and its societal impacts.
The findings provide actionable guidance for EU coordinating bodies and policymakers in promoting the clean energy transition. Specifically, the study highlights how investments in green energy infrastructure, clean technologies and targeted policy interventions can reduce CO2 emissions and support sustainable development at the regional level.
The findings of this study have significant societal relevance. By demonstrating that higher energy quality and technological adoption are associated with lower CO2 emissions, the study highlights pathways for improving public health, reducing air pollution and enhancing overall quality of life. The results also emphasize the importance of equitable access to clean energy technologies, which can mitigate energy poverty and support inclusive economic development. Furthermore, by informing policy strategies at the regional and national levels, the study can contribute to fostering sustainable energy practices and raising public awareness about the benefits of a cleaner energy mix.
This study contributes to the literature by empirically examining the role of technology in the EU clean energy transition using a novel Green Energy Mix Quality Index. The findings provide insights for both researchers and policymakers on leveraging technology to enhance renewable energy adoption and achieve environmental sustainability goals.
