The purpose of this research is to explore healthcare workers' infection control practices from a behavioural viewpoint. Major behavioural theories are explored. Findings from a study which drew heavily from the PRECEDE theoretical framework are presented. The main purpose of this quasi‐experimental study was to observe health care workers' behavioural compliance with hand hygiene guidelines during patient care in an Intensive Care Unit in Ireland before (pre test) and after (post test) implementation of a multifaceted hand hygiene program. Health care workers' attitudes, beliefs and knowledge in relation to compliance with hand‐washing guidelines were also investigated.
Data were collected through non‐participant observation and survey methods. A convenience sample of nurses, doctors, physiotherapists and care assistants (n=73 observational subjects, n=62 questionnaire respondents) was used.
Data (n=314 observations, 62 questionnaires) were analysed descriptively and cross‐tabulated using Chi Square (Pearson's) and Mann Whitney statistical tests. Results revealed that a significant shift (32 per cent) occurred in health care workers' compliance with hand washing guidelines (pre‐test 51 per cent/post‐test 83 per cent, p<0.001) following the interventional hand hygiene program. Similarly, significant changes were also found in relation to health care workers' attitudes, beliefs and knowledge (p<0.05).
Findings from this paper are also of value to future researchers investigating any form of behavioural change. Recommendations from this study are that future research which aims to investigate behaviour should be underpinned by an appropriate theoretical framework. Only multifaceted interventions are justified.
