This paper aims to provide an integrated framework while explaining the dynamic relationships among actors, innovation subsystems and system-level structures of different components and levels of the global innovation process by identifying its different characteristics and dimensions.
This study uses a systematic literature review of 47 conceptually relevant publications identified through a structured search strategy, complemented by backward reference tracking. A three-stage qualitative coding procedure (initial, intermediate and advanced coding) was applied to synthesize concepts across the actor, subsystem and system levels and to identify higher-order analytical mechanisms underpinning global innovation processes.
The findings suggest three primary levels of analysis for the conceptualization of the global innovation process: the actor-level components of the global innovation value network, which include the typology of upstream and downstream actors in the value chain and specific actors of the value network (leaders, systemic intermediaries and champions); sub-system-level components that each have their boundaries, resources, interactions and distinct technological infrastructure; global-level components that include systemic features and include mission orientation, flexibility, complexity and evolution. In addition, the review identifies a set of higher-order cross-cutting mechanisms, including knowledge dynamics, innovation ecosystem governance, structural coupling and global value chain governance, that connect these analytical levels and explain the evolution of global innovation processes.
This study develops an integrated explanatory framework that connects actors, innovation subsystems and system-level characteristics through a set of higher-order analytical mechanisms. By synthesizing recent developments in global innovation research, including ecosystem governance, knowledge dynamics, structural coupling and global value chain interactions, the framework advances a more comprehensive understanding of how global innovation emerges, evolves and creates value across multiple geographical and institutional contexts.
