...: 10.1080/13540602.2016.1158957 . Kullberg , A. , Ingerman , Å. and Marton , F. (2024), Planning and Analyzing Teaching: Using the Variation Theory of Learning , Routledge , Abingdon, Oxon and New York, NY . Kwok , W.Y. and Chik , P.M. (2005), “ The effect of learning...

... developmental needs of stakeholders; (3) developing a sustained programme of professional development for teachers regarding variation theory of learning, which underpins Learning Study; and (4) creating an improvement culture and a safe environment for sustaining professional development. We argue...

... was the selected test criteria. The variation theory of learning served as the major guiding principle for the pedagogical design, lesson analysis and evaluation. The findings of this study give support to variation theory being a powerful pedagogical tool for improving students’ understanding...

... literacy can be enhanced. This is an example of learning study consisting of a design experiment, which aims to test the conjectures of the variation theory of learning. A total of 156 students who were aged from 14 to 16 years were taught under the three learning conditions which embedded the test...

... and the Learning study. Originality/value Two empirical studies are used to exemplify how teacher might discover previously unknown necessary aspects of the object of learning (here called “keys to leaning”). Learning study Chinese lesson study Teacher research group Variation theory of learning...