... flexibility to reduce their empty runs, but also creates opportunity for using cabotage as a business model to maximise the utilisation of low-wage drivers. Cabotage European freight market deregulation Flagging out Freight transport sustainability Economists generally agree...

... behaviour varies from nation to nation. A shipowner's view on choice of flag might be affected by national characteristics, and different continents and ship types tend to exert different influences on flagging out. Practical implications It is an oversimplification to assume the downfall of regulation...