..., 2016). According to Vidyadhar et al. (2016) , to enable systematic implementation of lean principles, an organization needs to perform a leanness assessment, which measures the extent to which the principles have been put into practice in each process. Cuthbertson and Piotrowicz (2011) said...

..., lean and review, lean and Toyota Production System, lean assessment, lean culture, lean transformation. The databases accessed through EBSCO were: Academic Source Premier, Business Source Premier, ERIC, and PsycINFO. Originality/value Publications tracing the lineage of lean over the past four...