...Sérgio Takahashi; Vania Passarini Takahashi Front end is a process (Sanders and Stappers, 2008) in which an idea for a project is amplified and crystallized before being connected to an organization's knowledge system to provide a solid and explicit concept (Nonaka and Takeuchi, 1995 ; Akbar...

...Bjorn Andersen; Knut Samset; Morten Welde Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to adopt an in-depth perspective on cost estimation, from the development of the initial idea until the budget is agreed, to obtain new insights into issues of underestimation at the front-end. Design/methodology...