... – directly inspiring the RL component (PPO) employed in our hybrid metaheuristic. Vehicle Routing Problem Reinforcement Learning Unsupervised Learning Parallel Machine Scheduling Hybrid Metaheuristic Integrated Production Planning Problem In recent years, global supply chains have faced...

... in the underlying data and their influence on each other. However, because the underlying data will have numerous features, manual identification of distinguishing features is not feasible. We thus propose the adoption of an unsupervised learning approach in the form of cluster analysis. Clustering is the process...