... applies standard procedures for scale development (i.e. item generation, item validation, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and convergent and discriminant validity checks). Findings The final scale has two factors: one for the individual and one for the organizational level...

... Limited 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited Licensed re-use rights only Public sector management Item response theory University environment Scale development Measurement instruments The scale elucidates worker scores at each level providing detailed descriptions. Given the cumulative...