Keywords: Scale development
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Journal Articles
International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management (2026) 54 (6): 585–600.
Published: 31 March 2026
...) as a multidimensional construct, grounded in social presence theory, and develops a measurement tool that captures the unique dynamics of interactions in live streaming environments. Design/methodology/approach The study follows a rigorous, four-step process for scale development and validation. Inductive...
Journal Articles
Journal Articles
International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management (2017) 45 (12): 1277–1297.
Published: 23 November 2017
... online post-purchase customer experience (OPPCE). The methodology of this scale development study starts with skimming of relevant literature to identify the knowledge gap and prepare a theoretical background for the study. Then scientific method is applied for scale creation. First, items...
Journal Articles
International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management (2017) 45 (1): 40–56.
Published: 09 January 2017
... measured on a five-point Likert scale (with 5 implying=strongly agree to 1=implying strongly disagree) was finalised. In total, 37 items in the original scale developed by El-Adly and Eid (2015) were used with minor modifications. However, to develop the Islamic value items, a focus group of nine Muslim...
Journal Articles
International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management (2017) 45 (1): 20–39.
Published: 09 January 2017
... on behavioural intentions (Beatty et al., 1996 ; Ellis, 1995). Consumer relationship proneness is found to have a significant, positive indirect impact on buying behaviour (Odekerken-Schröder et al., 2003). Scale development procedures followed the work of Churchill (1979...
Journal Articles
International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management (2015) 43 (9): 849–869.
Published: 14 September 2015
..., utilitarian value, self-gratification value, epistemic value, transaction value, social interaction value, spatial convenience value, and time convenience value. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2015 Scale development UAE Shopping mall Customer-perceived value Customer-perceived...
Journal Articles
International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management (2013) 41 (10): 790–804.
Published: 02 September 2013
...Shilpa Bagdare; Rajnish Jain Purpose – This study aims at developing a reliable and valid measure of retail customer experience. Design/methodology/approach – Scientific scale development process has been followed. Survey methodology was used to collect data. The results are tested...
Journal Articles
International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management (2013) 41 (3): 201–225.
Published: 19 April 2013
... contribution. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2013 Loyalty programmes Rewards Self‐determination theory Purchase orientations Scale development Customer loyalty Purchasing Many firms use customer relationship management instruments, in which loyalty or frequency reward programmes...
Journal Articles

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