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Keywords: Spectator
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Journal Articles
How multiple identities shape behavioral intention: place and team identification on spectator attendance
Available to Purchase
International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship (2020) 21 (4): 719–734.
Published: 29 May 2020
...Hyun-Woo Lee; Heetae Cho; Emily M. Newell; Woong Kwon Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the complexity of how spectators' multiple identities influence their behavioral intention. Specifically, the authors examined the effects of spectators' place identification, team...
Journal Articles
Spectator-based sports team reputation: scale development and validation
Available to Purchase
International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship (2015) 16 (3): 52–72.
Published: 01 April 2015
...Wonseok (Eric) Jang; Yong Jae Ko; Sylvia M Chan-Olmsted No psychometrically sound measurement scale exists to effectively measure sports team reputation. The current study proposed and developed the Spectator-based Sports Team Reputation (SSTR) by considering the most important stakeholder groups...
Journal Articles
Development of the Sport Interest Inventory (SII): Implications for Measuring Unique Consumer Motives at Team Sporting Events
Available to Purchase
International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship (2001) 3 (3): 38–63.
Published: 01 September 2001
...Daniel C. Funk; Daniel F. Mahony; Makoto Nakazawa; Sumiko Hirakawa A 30-item Sport Interest Inventory (SII) was developed and validated for measuring ten unique motives related to consumer interest at an international sporting event. Spectators (N=1,321) attending five different US venues during...
