...Xiaoshan Huang; Alejandra Ruiz-Segura; Chengyi Tan; Tingting Wang; Robin Sharma; Susanne P. Lajoie Purpose Social presence (SP), which refers to individuals’ perception of others being engaged as “real people” in the same situation, is a crucial component in technology-rich learning environments...

... database related to TPRs can be grouped into three broad thematic categories: features of TPRs, degree of social presence compared to physical presence or other mediated technologies and opportunities for using TPRs. The results suggest that from the perspective of psychology, TPRs are one...

... students and instructors, the authors integrated elaborated interactive activities into large online lectures to enhance both students’ cognitive activities and social presence. Design/methodology/approach In this study, the goals are twofold. First, the authors introduce a classroom orchestration...