This study aims to investigate the effect of cashew pith, kapok filler and sawdust in the high-temperature tribological performance of bio-filled sisal filled epoxy composites.
Composites were fabricated using compression molding, followed by tribological testing with a pin-on-disk tribometer at 100 °C, 150 °C and 200 °C. Coefficient of friction (CoF), wear rate and wear morphology were analyzed.
Findings: Cashew pith-filled composites showed stable CoF (0.50–0.65) and excellent wear resistance, especially at 150°C, due to its angular particle shape and strong matrix bonding. Kapok composites exhibited unstable CoF (0.47–0.70) and high wear, as the porous structure and thermal degradation caused poor adhesion. Sawdust composites had moderate CoF (0.45) at 100 °C but degraded at higher temperatures, with CoF dropping to ∼0.12 at 200 °C due to filler-matrix debonding and thermal breakdown. SEM analysis confirmed cashew pith’s superior thermal stability, with minimal wear, while kapok and sawdust showed fiber pull-out and surface degradation at elevated temperatures.
The findings support using cashew pith as an eco-friendly alternative to synthetic fillers in tribological components such as brake pads.
Utilizing agro-waste fillers contributes to the circular economy, offering new revenue opportunities for agro-industries and minimizing environmental impact by reducing waste.
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this research is one of the first to evaluate cashew pith as a bio-filler in natural fiber composites for tribological applications, highlighting its superior thermal stability and wear resistance.
