... accuracy of traditional methods still has limitations under several working conditions. To overcome this problem, a hybrid approach of calibration combining kinematic model and convolutional neural network is proposed in this paper to improve the calibration accuracy of a manipulator. Design/methodology...

... the robot and the human within the robot’s working space using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and depth sensors. Secondly, the touch detection module perceives whether or not a human physically touches the robot within the same work environment using robot axis torques, wavelet packet decomposition...

... make the transmission of human intentions to the robots more efficient. The proposed gesture recognition subsystem is based on convolutional neural network which is robust to different input. The parameter extraction subsystem can extract the spatial information encoded in stroke gestures...