... programming, by a demonstration method and symbolic task-level programming. Findings – Thanks to this technique, the operator can easily program robots without learning every robot-specific language and can design new tasks for industrial robots based on manual guidance. Originality/value...

... – A novel approach of robot programming can be identified with the manual guidance that permits to the operator to freely move the robot through its task; the task can then be taught using Programming by Demonstration methods or simple reproduction. Findings – In this work, the different ways...