... polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipelines with diameters of 150–210 mm and bend angles of 0–90°. The robot’s modular design enabled specific components to be equipped with miniature inspection instruments, including laser-based roundness measuring devices (Stanić et al., 2017) such as laser projectors...

... proficiency for completing complex minimally invasive surgical operations with the proposed and developed system. Originality/value This research proposed and developed a novel modularization design method and a novel architecture for building a distributed teleoperation control system for laparoscopic...