... ) framework, specifically the Activity-Resource-Actor ( ARA ) model, to understand business relationships. Furthermore, this research extends IMP studies on the dynamics of relationships in triads by investigating how the three ARA layers of a business relationship’s substance can explain the dynamics...

... by taking into consideration four start-ups engaged in more than one CF campaigns with different combinations of equity and non-equity CF, adopting the actor–resource–activity (ARA) model as theoretical framework. Findings Multiple CF campaigns are embedded in the overall changing startup’s network...