London 2012 legacy: a sustainable model for delivering large sports events

A key element of London's bid for the 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games was the ambition to host a sustainable games that would change the approach to master planning and delivery of venues and infrastructure of large sporting events around the world. The resulting London 2012 venues were an innovative combination of new first-class stadia, temporary arenas in iconic settings and existing world-renowned venues. This paper, which concludes a suite of Institution of Civil Engineers Proceedings papers on the delivery and legacy of London 2012 over the past 3 years, summarises the key principles which influenced the venue master plan and design process to meet sustainability aspirations. Further, it examines the requirements of various key stakeholders and details how these were met by the project team. The paper finishes by summing up the lessons learnt for future major sporting events.