... categorizations have identified the specific types and origins of crises, none have examined chronologically consecutive crises – within one organization, one industry or both – where the first and second crises were not linked in any way (see Figure 1). Contingency planning Crisis communication Decision...

...) and corporate communication as a critical managerial function (Cutlip et al., 2000) – crisis corporate planning is, in actuality, an ancillary or auxiliary function. Corporate strategy Communication management Decentralized control Contingency planning Most studies on crisis...

... Group Publishing Limited 2005 Environment management Disaster Communication corporate image Contingency planning Smelling of roses or drowning in crude oil? A point of view on managing environmental crises Martin Langford has 35 years experience in the public relations industry. He...