The use of natural stone for internal flooring

This paper describes the theoretical and technical aspects of using natural stone as a surfacing material for internal flooring, based on relevant recent British and European standard and other literature guidance. The rationale for selecting a specific stone type is discussed, including the appropriateness of some types for specific applications. Additionally, a comparison is given between the geological and commercial definitions of several well-known stone types, which can provide misleading reassurance to end users as to the likely performance of a stone. Various case studies are included based on commercial experience of investigations of floor defects and failures, highlighting diverse issues including movement joint distribution, inappropriate bedding of the stone tiles on mortar dabs, early overloading of installed floors and slip resistance problems relating to surface contamination and to in-service abrasion leading to polishing of the floor. In addition, the resistance to staining and discoloration of floors in service is discussed.