... concrete technology and manufacture fresh concrete sustainable development sustainable materials India, one of the world’s top coal producers, uses coal to provide more than 55% of its energy, with an estimated 1048 Mt generated in 2024–2025 (Ministry of Coal, Government of India, 2025). Surface...

... compressive strength durability durability-related properties fresh concrete mechanical properties morphology SCM wollastonite workability XRD The rapid expansion of the concrete industry is placing a significant burden on natural resources and contributes to environmental degradation...

... of resources. - Cost-effective construction practices. - Optimisation of material usage for sustainable practices. - Budget-conscious decision making during projects. ML revolutionises the prediction of fresh concrete properties, optimising mix designs for enhanced workability and setting time...

... or blockage and hence yielding satisfactory performance of hardened concrete. This paper provides a critical and detailed review on rheological properties of SCC based on studies published in recent years. The rheological models for characterising the flow behaviour of fresh concrete are briefly assessed...