This paper aims to investigate the integrational properties of real GDP for 125 countries.
The paper applies the Kwiatkowski et al. univariate test and a KPSS‐type univariate test that accounts for multiple structural breaks – a test procedure proposed by Carrion‐i‐Silvestre et al. The panel versions of the KPSS‐type test, proposed by Carrion‐i‐Silvestre et al. with and without structural breaks, are also applied.
The paper finds that, while univariate tests with and without structural breaks provide mixed results on persistence, the panel test suggests that shocks to national output are persistent.
This is a multi‐country study that focuses on both developed and developing countries and uses more recent data to provide new and comparable evidence on the persistence of output.
