The University as a Social Institution: The Change in Academic Institutions in Germany at the End of the Nineteenth Century

Looks at the university at the end of the nineteenth century using the concept of a “social institution”, and applying four approaches. A functional analysis provides insights into the kinds of knowledge a university produces. Examination of changes in these functions in the nineteenth century emphasizes the new institutions that were founded and changes in the recruitment of social elites. Political analysis looks at outside influences and considers especially the powers of nation, church and state. A structural analysis discusses organizational and resource issues. Sociocultural analysis reveals the principles of universities: priority of research, combination of research and teaching, freedom of scholarship and the problem of Bildung.