Contributions to Géotechnique 1948–2008: Groundwater

This paper reviews work on the subject of groundwater published in Géotechnique over the past 60 years. Contributions relating to the effects of groundwater on geotechnical structures, measurement of pore water pressure using piezometers, analysis of groundwater flow, ground-water control or construction dewatering, estimating hydraulic conductivity, and passive vertical drains are summarised and discussed. Three major areas of significant impact are identified: (a) the realisation of the dominant role of pore water pressure equilibration in the delayed failure of cut slopes; (b) determination of the hydraulic conductivity of soils by means of rising- or falling-head tests in piezometers and boreholes; and (c) understanding the role of soil fabric in groundwater control, and using it to extend the operational range of pumped groundwater control techniques to soils of low permeability.