... from 2·2 to 7·4 times greater than those in sand alone. The associated mitigating mechanisms include the dissipation of flow energy, resistance to internal erosion due to pore space clogging and prevention of sand fluidisation. The mitigating effect is affected by the reduction of hydraulic...

...-repellent soils subjected to seepage has not been explored in the literature. In this study, the mechanical responses to internal erosion in three synthetic water-repellent soils, treated by different organic matters, were first investigated using a modified stress-controlled triaxial apparatus. The degree...

... reflected in terms of the critical envelope ( i cr , σ ) given by equation (6) . © 2022 Emerald Publishing Limited 2022 critical hydraulic gradient filters & drains internal erosion piping suffusion Internal erosion is the development of a void within the soil structure...