... in the PointNet++ deep learning exercise, a strategy of sampling and grouping was proposed to divide the initial point set of each sand particle into several groups. Next, PointNet++ was utilised to capture the global and local context features of the sand particles at different length scales and shown...

...V. Santiago Quinteros; J. Antonio H. Carraro High-quality undisturbed samples of fluvial sand were obtained from the field using the ground freezing technique. In the laboratory, the in situ void ratio of these high-quality undisturbed frozen samples was replicated using four different...

...Lluís Monforte; Marcos Arroyo; Josep Maria Carbonell; Antonio Gens Borehole tube sampling is a key process of geotechnical engineering. The paper presents numerical analyses of smooth tube sampling in clay using the particle finite-element method. The soil is described by a conventional elasto...

...Jinquan Shi; Wim Haegeman; Veerle Cnudde Sands exhibit a directional diversity in shear modulus at small strains, reflecting the anisotropic stiffness behaviour in the structure. In this paper, sample preparation method, particle shape and particle size are considered as parameters to produce...

... consuming, particularly in clay-rich soils, and this can incur substantial cost and potential delays in reporting findings. The saturation of samples is assessed using the well-established Skempton's pore water pressure parameter B. In a situation where the soil is fully saturated, the B...

...Helene Alexandra Amundsen; Arnfinn Emdal; Vikas Thakur A block sample goes through stress changes during and after sampling. Sensitive clays are affected by sample disturbance and stress changes have a great effect on sample quality. Reduction of the in-situ total stresses to zero causes a soil...

...Y. Liu; Y. J. Jiang; H. Xiao; F. H. Lee Deep cement mixing is widely used to improve soft clayey soils as part of stability intervention in deep excavation and tunnelling. The quality of the improvement is often evaluated by measuring the strength of cored samples post-installation. Although...

...J. A. Pineda; X. F. Liu; S. W. Sloan This paper analyses the effects of tube sampling in soft clay with particular emphasis on the modifications that occur in the clay fabric for tube specimens retrieved using open samplers (Shelby) as well as a fixed-piston sampler. Tube specimens of an estuarine...

... test results. It is shown that the use of the fixed-piston sampler, in combination with non-destructive methods, to assess and select samples for laboratory testing provided good quality and reliable test results which are in agreement with data interpreted from in situ tests. clays compressibility...

... with the weathering grade. The effect of the size of the sampling domain on the autocorrelation characteristics of the founding depth indicators is also studied. The results demonstrate that the scale of fluctuation increases with increase in the size of the sampling domain. 12 1 2009 22 9 2011 ©...

...S. DONOHUE; M. LONG The characterisation of soils for civil engineering purposes depends on removing sufficiently high-quality samples from the ground. Accurate evaluation of sample quality is therefore important if reliable design parameters are to be determined. This paper describes the use...

... K_0oc and OCR (overconsolidation ratio) using data obtained from laboratory investigations. The tests were performed on reconstituted and undisturbed samples of Belfast Upper Boulder Clay, London Clay and Gault Clay. Tests were also performed on reconstituted samples of kaolin. The values...

...P. Delage; T.-T. Le; A.-M. Tang; Y.-J. Cui; X.-L. Li In this paper suction effects in deep Boom Clay block samples are investigated through characterisation of the water retention and swelling properties of the clay. The relationship between suction and stress changes during loading...

... influenced greatly the strength and stiffness of the different samples. In particular, in the lower-quality samples the greater disturbance caused by sampling is responsible for changing their behaviour from brittle to ductile during shearing after compression to stresses post-gross yield, giving them...

...S. G. Chung; J. M. Kwag; P. H. Giao; S. H. Baek; K. N. Prasad Many studies have been carried out to analyse and assess disturbance of clay samples (Baligh, 1985 ; Jamiokowski et al., 1985 ; Clayton et al., 1998 ; Tanaka & Tanaka, 1999 ; Hight, 2000). Most studies...

...T. S. Nagaraj; Norikho Miura; S. G. Chung; K. Nagendra Prasad 29 07 2002 04 03 2003 © 2003 Thomas Telford Ltd 2003 clays sampling stress analysis The in-situ deposits that are encountered in engineering practice acquire inherent characteristics depending on stress...

...S. J. Kemp; J. M. Pearce; D. Oates In the laboratory, the samples were carefully sawn perpendicular to the fracture plane to assess the degree of resin impregnation (e.g. Fig. 5). Additional resin impregnation in the laboratory was necessary for some samples where only partial impregnation had...

... by the major axis length, a, of the ellipse) is derived for area (or window) sampling. From this relationship, expressions are derived between the mean (μ_a) and standard deviation (σ_a) of the discontinuity size, a, and the mean (μ_l...

...V. Sivakumar; I. G. Doran; J. Graham; T. Navaneethan anisotropy clays elasticity in-ground stresses overconsolidation sampling yielding It is increasingly important to predict deformations around retaining walls, piles, tunnels, slopes, dams and excavations. When constitutive...

... of a block was detached by cutting with the washer saw (Fig. 3 (b)). As this cut was made the block was supported with packed sand to prevent collapse. If the block did not have enough strength to be picked up it could be slid onto a flat surface and from there to a collapsible sample box. Using...