... reduced. Biofilm and its clogging effect on porous media are ubiquitous in natural and artificial environments, and relevant research studies are popular in environmental sciences (Baveye et al., 1998 ; Thullner, 2010). The water content of biofilm is about 99%. Biofilm-induced permeability...

... influences on the adjacent environment. This paper presents recent developments in practical design and construction techniques of controlling excavation-induced deformations in Shanghai. Commonly used techniques including the top-down construction method, ground improvement, the zoned excavation method...