Modelling embankments reinforced with sand columns

Numerical simulation of the deformation characteristics of an embankment on weak clay reinforced with stone columns was carried out using FLAC 3D software. The problem was also analysed by using equivalent criticalstate parameters of the composite ground. The results of the equivalent parameter model are found to correlate well with the analysis of the original configuration. The numerical analyses show that improvement in vertical as well as lateral displacement of the embankment is very much dependent on the location and extent of the sand columns. The displacement pattern of unimproved ground is shown to be useful for economical placement of the sand columns in this regard. The numerical results also show that, beyond 40% improved area ratio, very little improvement in displacement is achieved.