This study aims to investigate how urban forests serve as value-laden spaces that foster visitor satisfaction, loyalty and Islamic consumer responsibility in Muslim-majority societies. It examines the role of holistic faith-aligned experience (HFAE) in shaping satisfaction and how satisfaction mediates the relationship between experience and pro-environmental behavioural outcomes.
A multidimensional construct of HFAE – comprising sensory nature, enrichment and faith-aligned elements identified through exploratory factor analysis – was developed and validated. Grounded in experience-economy and value–belief–norm theory, the study analysed survey data from 424 young Muslim visitors using partial least-squares structural-equation modelling.
All three experience dimensions significantly enhance visitor satisfaction; sensory and enrichment elements show the strongest effects. Satisfaction then mediates the relationship between each experience dimension and both loyalty and responsible consumption, confirming its pivotal role in translating park visits into pro-environmental commitment.
Managers should prioritise multi-sensory design (e.g. shaded trails, soundscapes), clear environmental signage and community programs that highlight practical stewardship. Such interventions elevate satisfaction and, consequently, loyalty and responsible on-site behaviour.
The study empirically links a validated HFAE scale to satisfaction, loyalty and responsibility in an urban–forest context. It offers a concise model for enhancing pro-environmental outcomes through measured visitor experiences in Muslim-majority cities.
