A tool for reporting the optimal timing of pre-construction services in New Zealand

The use of pre-construction services (PCS), or early contractor involvement, has become common internationally due to its various advantages to complex construction projects. However, determining the optimal timing for engaging PCS remains an open question for researchers and government organisations. This paper develops a methodology to report on the successful timing of PCS use in New Zealand, aiding the industry in deciding when to engage a contractor for PCS appropriately. Proper timing can help avoid costly pitfalls from engaging PCS too early or too late, and this approach could be extended internationally. Data collection involved two rounds: an online survey to determine complexity factor weighting and semi-structured interviews on 29 case study projects to refine a visualisation tool. Each project was given a complexity ranking based on semi-structured interview data. The results indicate a relationship between PCS timing, project complexity, and scale. However, PCS is not always related to the procurement method; for example, design–bid–build projects can still benefit from PCS through fair risk allocation. The findings can assist clients in determining the best time to engage PCS, independent of the procurement model, thereby maximising the value contractors bring to construction projects.