... country have positive or moderating effects on the success of a cross-border merger. Third, top-level management characteristics such as CEO foreign nationality and CEO international career experience, and governance characteristics such as board size, the number of independent directors and directors...

... of the CEO in strategic planning has been proven, and planning flexibility in the strategic planning process has been identified, among other related findings. Originality/value This study provides a useful research model for investigating strategic planning practices both in the relatively stable...