... environmental economics, urban planning and real estate finance to construct a five-category typology and translate empirical distance decay patterns into GIS -ready measurement strategies. Findings Commercial externalities exhibit predictable spatial signatures that can be measured consistently using...

... quality lots suffers, there is a collapse in demand for interior lots during the crisis. The GIS data also allowed us to classify each parcel into one of the four following mutually exclusive categories: lake, golf, mountain, and interior. Lake and golf parcels are defined as those parcels...