...-braced frames seismic design steel structures structural optimisation UN SDG 9: Industry, innovation and infrastructure UN SDG 11: Sustainable cities and communities UN SDG 12: Responsible consumption and production This research received no specific grant from funding agencies in the public...

... together. The ratio of maximum jerk to maximum acceleration is an important variable in calculating the jerk effect. accelerogram computational fluid dynamics (CFD) damping dynamic equilibrium dynamics earthquakes jerk jerk coefficient structural analysis UN SDG 11: Sustainable cities...

... energy UN SDG 9: Industry, innovation and infrastructure UN SDG 11: Sustainable cities and communities UN SDG 12: Responsible consumption and production UN SDG 13: Climate action This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial or not-for-profit...

... Emerald Publishing Limited 2026 Emerald Publishing Limited Licensed re-use rights only axial compression bearing capacity compressive strength concrete columns concrete structures GFRP bars hybrid fibre UN SDG 9: Industry, innovation and infrastructure UN SDG 11: Sustainable cities...

... sanctioned project (File no. CRG/2022/005334) for this research work. buildings, structures & design codes of practice & standards finite-element modelling seismic engineering slopes UN SDG 9: Industry, innovation and infrastructure UN SDG 11: Sustainable cities and communities ©...

... magnetic resonance scanning electron microscope static load UN SDG 9: Industry, innovation and infrastructure UN SDG 11: Sustainable cities and communities Gansu Provincial Department of Education: the National Natural Science Foundation of China Joint Fund U23A20658 Industry Support...

... tower crane UN SDG 11: Sustainable cities and communities None. b gt ground truth bounding box for comparison in the regression loss term b i predicted bounding box for i th sample in terms of regression c prediction confidence...

... and infrastructure UN SDG 11: Sustainable cities and communities UN SDG 13: Climate action The authors declare that no funds, grants, or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript. The seismic design of structures relies on evaluating individual member capacities...

... drift seismic resilience shape memory alloy (SMA) UN SDG 9: Industry, innovation and infrastructure UN SDG 11: Sustainable cities and communities Reinforced concrete (RC) shear walls are widely employed as primary lateral force-resisting systems in mid- to high-rise buildings located...

... and infrastructure UN SDG 11: Sustainable cities and communities Considering that the truss optimisation problem includes various constraints, an appropriate constraint handling method is developed as follows, utilising a penalty handling approach. 6 f penalty A = ( 1 + ε 1...

...). bond concrete double shear test GFRP heat damage UN SDG 11: Sustainable cities and communities © 2025 Emerald Publishing Limited 2025 Emerald Publishing Limited Licensed re-use rights only 13 08 2025 08 11 2025 Declaration of competing interest The authors...

... Publishing Limited Licensed re-use rights only compressive failure modes self-compacting concrete square steel tubes structural performance UN SDG 11: Sustainable cities and communities UN SDG 12: Responsible consumption and production In recent decades, there has been a significant...

... (GGBS) machine learning (ML) modelling multi-objective optimisation UN SDG 11: Sustainable cities and communities University of West London Vice Chancellor’s Scholarship NPRP 13S-0209-200311 This work was partially funded by the University of West London Vice Chancellor’s Scholarship...

... buildings UN SDG 11: Sustainable cities and communities National Research Programme for Universities NRPU-4809 This study was supported by the Higher Education Commission, Pakistan under the National Research Programme for Universities award number NRPU-4809. 6 i ro = exp...

... codes of practice & standards columns design design methods & aids loads & loading recycling & reuse of materials service life steel steel structures structural analysis structural design structural frameworks sustainability UN SDG 11: sustainable cities and communities UN...

... Publishing Limited: All rights reserved 2025 admixtures compressive strength flow characteristics geopolymers UN SDG 9: Industry, innovation and infrastructure UN SDG 11: Sustainable cities and communities Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) is the most frequently used binder material...

... of the interaction mechanism of the different components of Kath-Kuni structures is not available in the literature. brickwork & masonry earthquakes interfaces joints timber structures UN SDG 11: Sustainable cities and communities The seismic adaptability of structures made up of timber...

..., Y, Z axis independently 31 03 2022 20 02 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited: All rights reserved 2023 earthquakes maintenance & inspection reinforcement retrofit UN SDG 11: Sustainable cities and communities Globally, the frequency of earthquakes...

... & design design methods & aids sustainable development UN SDG 11: Sustainable cities and communities At the beginning of the twentieth century, new approaches were introduced, such as the design of flexible formwork constructions, for thin, anticlastic, concrete shells and different starting...

... of the bamboo (in mm) and L is the bamboo embedment length (in mm). bamboo bond strength design of experiments mortar sustainability UN SDG 11: Sustainable cities and communities The population explosion has created an enormous demand for shelter, with steel and cement demands...