... et al., 2018). 05 01 2024 26 07 2024 British standards & codes of practice buildings, structures & design built environment circular economy codes of practice & standards columns design design methods & aids loads & loading recycling & reuse...

..., specific optimised processes are presented from real-world projects, while criticism is adopted as an assessment method of the implemented optimisation. 27 02 2022 21 11 2022 Emerald Publishing Limited: All rights reserved 2023 buildings, structures & design design methods...

... steel webs are provided. The research results provide useful suggestions for the design of lining concrete in real bridge projects, and thereby make up the gap in the existing code. bridges composite structures design methods & aids Figure 1. Layout of lining concrete Figure...

... testing the specimens. 14 11 2019 28 01 2021 ICE Publishing: All rights reserved 2021 concrete structures design methods & aids strength & testing of materials The beam–column connection is one of the essential elements in reinforced concrete (RC) frames because...

... 2021 codes of practice & standards design methods & aids slabs & plates When designing a reinforced concrete member under flexure, establishing an initial geometry of the cross-section of the member is usually required in the early stages of design; this is different from what...

... beams & girders cables & tendons design methods & aids Nowadays, the introduction of web openings in reinforced concrete beams has become a common practice to enable the passage of various facilities such as air-conditioning, electricity, internet cables and telephone...

... ICE Publishing: All rights reserved 2020 beams & girders concrete structures design methods & aids Mander et al. (1988) proposed a new model based on the tie method to determine the slip in RC beams. This model contained an interface element that characterised...

... on the load-carrying capacity T-beams with stirrups (TBWS) Figure 5. (a) Function of artificial neuron and (b) ANN concrete structures design methods & aids statistical analysis In practice, the evaluation of the behaviour of complex reinforced concrete (RC) members such as T...

... by Källsner and Girhammar. The method allows for a separation of the individual wall height from the height of application of the resultant horizontal force, thereby significantly simplifying the calculation process. buildings, structures & design design methods & aids timber structures...

... methods & aids The test set-up for obtaining information on the behaviour of concrete under load comprises a rigid frame that incorporates an electronically controlled hydraulic actuator, the latter being capable of imposing loading rates that make description of both the pre- and post-peak load...

...%, respectively. 14 01 2019 15 08 2019 ICE Publishing: All rights reserved 2019 design methods & aids strength & testing of materials stress analysis To conserve resources and protect the natural environment, 500 MPa steel bars conforming to the Chinese standard GB...

.... 27 02 2019 25 06 2019 ICE Publishing: All rights reserved 2019 bridges design methods & aids slabs & plates In this paper; to establish the distribution of internal forces, moments, stresses and strains, the elastic methods of analysis favoured by bridge designers...

... is given 2 τ L , curve = k L , curve G π 2 t 2 6 ( 1 − ν ) w 2 , w = max ( a , c ) 18 09 2018 17 04 2019 ICE Publishing: All rights reserved 2019 beams & girders design methods & aids slabs & plates...

... bridges codes of practice & standards design methods & aids Contingent upon geometric and structural requirements (e.g. span length and service environments), typical superstructures for light rail (LR) transit comprise prestressed concrete girders, steel plate or box girders and cast...

... (2016) . The load–moment interaction diagrams from the experiment and FEA are presented and compared at the end of the paper. ICE Publishing: All rights reserved 2019 columns composite structures design methods & aids A number of numerical studies using finite-element...

... (see Figure 2). beams & girders concrete structures design methods & aids Prestressed concrete has been used as a construction material since the 1950s to overcome the natural weakness of concrete in tension. Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a prestressed concrete...

... methods & aids mathematical modelling Concrete is a versatile material with a wide range of applications in the construction industry despite its low tensile straining capacity. To overcome this major material weakness and make concrete suitable for use as a structural material, a number...

...-plates, beams and bolts under cyclic loading. Figure 5. Idealised material behaviour used in the FE model analysis for: (a) end-plates and beams; (b) high-strength bolts (Keikha, 2014 ; Kukerti and Zhou, 2006) design methods & aids mathematical modelling seismic engineering...

..., but was unsafe for long tubes of circular section and those filled with plain high-strength concrete. 29 08 2018 17 12 2018 ICE Publishing: All rights reserved 2019 columns composite structures design methods & aids Tests on stainless steel tubular columns filled with steel...

..., structures & design concrete structures design methods & aids As complex-shaped structures become an increasingly popular trend among architects, columns tilted at an angle have become widespread in many building, towers and bridges. For example, in Moscow city centre, oblique columns...