... results revealed that the restoration efficiency of the retrofitting scheme was 100% for all the beams tested under a_v/d = 3.9 and 90% for the beams tested under a_v/d = 5.0. A techno-economic sustainability study was performed through cradle...

... porosity sulfate resistance sustainability f_c compressive strength f_cr flexural strength f_st split tensile strength k permeability coefficient P porosity ρ density...

... codes of practice & standards columns design design methods & aids loads & loading recycling & reuse of materials service life steel steel structures structural analysis structural design structural frameworks sustainability UN SDG 11: sustainable cities and communities UN...

... structures sustainability The climate crisis poses a major challenge for the buildings design community, considering that the built environment is responsible for about 40% of greenhouse gas emissions (UN Environment and International Energy Agency, 2017). Bold and innovative solutions are, nowadays...

...Mark Grigorian, DPhil, SE; Siavash Sedighi, MSc; Hadiseh Mohammadi, MSc Sustainable seismic design (SSD) is the first step towards next-generation earthquake engineering. SSD of mixed multiple seismic systems (MMSSs), in which more than one earthquake-resisting structure is used, is a challenging...

... mortar sustainability UN SDG 11: Sustainable cities and communities The population explosion has created an enormous demand for shelter, with steel and cement demands soaring exponentially. The production of these materials causes environmental damage through the emission of greenhouse gases...

... Emerald Publishing Limited: All rights reserved 2022 accreditation climate emergency education & training Joint Board of Moderators sustainability The world is in the midst of a climate emergency. It is the defining feature of society for the foreseeable future. Its origins, severity...

... renewable energy statistical analysis structural materials sustainability 06 10 2021 13 12 2021 Published with permission by Emerald Publishing Limited under the CC-BY 4.0 license. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) 2022 This is an open-access article distributed...

...), and sets of eight segments were assembled to form individual elements using pre-stressing. HZMB is the second project to adopt this construction technique, following the Øresund tunnel between Sweden and Denmark (Busby and Marshall, 2000). concrete structures design sustainability ICE...

...Mark Grigorian, MSc, DPhil, SE; Mozhgan Kamizi, BS, MS; Siavash Sedighi, MSc, PE Sustainable seismic design (SSD) is a relatively new field of study that promises improved human welfare and innovative developments in structural engineering worldwide. In the present context, SSD refers to structural...

...). recycling & reuse of materials strength & testing of materials sustainability The design of the SCC mixture must follow the guidelines of the EFNARC committee (EFNARC, 2002) in order to check the rheological properties of the SCC, which include the workability, passing and filling...

... sustainability timber structures The restoration and conservation of old historical timber buildings has been an area of interest because there is a need to preserve structures that form part of the architectural heritage. This is done by replacing deteriorated timber elements or strengthening them...

... and ultimate performance to achieve sustainable design for concrete elements with ECRBs in chloride-containing environments. After concrete casting, all the test specimens were subjected to 28 d curing. Following curing, the three control test specimens in group 1 were loaded to failure to determine...

...Mark Grigorian, MSc (Tech), DPhil, SE; Mozhgan Kamizi, BS, MS The need for resilient or sustainable seismic design is at the forefront of structural engineering challenges worldwide. Sustainable seismic design is a relatively new concept that is rapidly gaining interest and hints at the arrival...

... copper slag aggregate (CSA) and fine glass cullet aggregate (GCA) as a replacement for fine NA (Lye et al., 2015 , 2017). concrete structures concrete technology & manufacture sustainability The elastic modulus of concrete (E_{c), based on the secant slope}...

... & manufacture recycling & reuse of materials sustainability Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is a kind of high-performance concrete that flows under its own weight and can completely fill the form work even within congested reinforcement (Okamura and Ouchi, 2003). It has favourable characteristics...

... for estimating, in conjunction with Eurocode 2, the modulus of elasticity of concrete made with coarse RCA and sustainable measures to compensate for the reduction in the modulus of elasticity are proposed. A great deal has been said about sustainability and, accordingly, the need to maximise the use...

...Chanakya Arya, BSc, PhD, DIC, CEng, MICE; Ali Amiri, BSc, PhD; Perry Vassie, BSc, MMath, PhD, Civil infrastructure projects such as bridges can have a major impact on many of the issues relevant to sustainability and it is therefore important that civil and structural engineers have methods...

... to (ii) load conditions and loading envelope (iii) checks on all actions acting on the element (bending, shear, torsion). 04 3 2014 06 8 2013 ICE Publishing: All rights reserved 2014 concrete structures design methods & aids sustainability...

... & aids structural frameworks sustainability In 1993 the Steel Construction Institute (SCI) carried out an economic analysis (including frame and overall construction time) of a number of structural options for what is regarded as a typical office building in outer Manchester. The study...