Flexure-controlled ultimate deformations of members with continuous or lap-spliced bars

A databank of cyclic or monotonic tests to flexure-controlled failure is used to develop/calibrate models for the curvature and the chord rotation of reinforced concrete members at flexure-controlled ultimate conditions – at a 20% post-ultimate strength drop in lateral force resistance – under monotonic or cyclic loading. Models are developed for beams, rectangular columns or walls and members of T-, H-, U- or hollow rectangular section, with or without detailing for earthquake resistance and with continuous longitudinal bars. The models employ simple, explicit expressions for practical application without moment–curvature analysis and are on the safe side for biaxial loading. They are extended to members with longitudinal bars lap-spliced in the plastic hinge region.