... to implement effective instructional strategies for procedural learning from errors, especially within vocational education. Social implications Errors are often identified with and attributed to (individual) failures. In both learning institutions and the workplace, this can engender an intolerant...

.... Findings The trainers used five different instructional strategies with which they guided and controlled the trainees' actions. In simulator training, learning was structured as a process through which the procedural knowledge possessed by the expert controllers was transferred to the trainees through...