A pansystems clustering approach and hierarchical analysis of complex systems

By use of equivalence operators δ_i and semiequivalence operators ε_i, studies the clustering problems of complex systems. Presents the δ (1,3) disconnection principle, dual‐transformation principle for analysing and operating complex systems and large‐scale systems. Discusses interconnectivity and disconnectivity of complex systems. Presents some related theorems. Discusses hierarchy of systems according to the pansystems clustering approach proposed.